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Figure 4 | BMC Biology

Figure 4

From: Broad genomic and transcriptional analysis reveals a highly derived genome in dinoflagellate mitochondria

Figure 4

Absence of conventional stop and start codons represented in protein alignments of dinoflagellate Cob, Cox3 and Cox1. Predicted amino acid sequence termini represent (A) 3' and (B) 5' sequences from cDNA and gDNA. Blue sequence indicates conceptual translation of 3' oligo(A) tract of mRNAs. Identical and similar residues are indicated by black or grey backgrounds, respectively. Inferred differences between cDNA and gDNA sequences of the same taxa correspond to RNA editing changes. Only longer cox3 mRNAs (mRNAL) encode an in-frame stop codon, generated by oligoadenylation following a terminal U. The 5' sequence termini represent either the limit of reverse transcription of mRNAs, or inferred translations of 5' genomic coding sequence (gDNA). Cob 3' sequence 'C. coh gDNA1' corresponds to clone pcb#2, while 'C. coh gDNA2' corresponds to clones pc3#2.2 and pcb#7. Underlined K in 'K. mic mRNA' (B, Cox1 5') indicates the site of a 10-nt deletion relative to 'K. mic gDNA'. Underlined Ms (B, Cob 5' and Cox1 5') indicate possible initiation codons found in-frame, but upstream of conserved sequence. Non-dinoflagellate homologues included for comparison of protein termini are: P. fal, Plasmodium falciparum M76611; C. mer, Cyanidioschyzon merolae, BAA34657; R. ame, Reclinomonas americana, AAD11871; N. oli, Nephroselmis olivacea, AAF03208; H. sap, Homo sapiens, AAZ02899. Dinoflagellate taxa and accession numbers: K. mic, Karlodinium micrum, this study; C. coh, Crypthecodinium cohnii, this study; L. pol, Lingulodinium polyedrum, CD810189, CD810189; G. pol, Gonyaulax polyedra, AF142470; P. pis, Pfiesteria piscicida, AF357518, AF463413, AF357518, AF357521; K. bre, Karenia brevis, CO062170, CO065693, CO062289, CO060561; A. car, Amphidinium carterae, CF064846, CF065669, CF064811, CF067165; P. mic, Prorocentrum minimum, AY030285, AF463415.

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