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Figure 2 | BMC Biology

Figure 2

From: Integrating paleoecology and genetics of bird populations in two sky island archipelagos

Figure 2

Predicted haplotype networks under different divergence scenarios. Haplotypes are represented as circles at the nodes and tips of trees, with the size of each circle proportional to the haplotype's overall frequency. In these networks, older haplotypes are often common and interior, whereas new haplotypes tend to be rare and peripheral [19]. (a) Expected pattern for postglacial sky-island divergence. Shared haplotypes (gray) resulting from population mixing at the last glacial maximum are common and interior, whereas new mutations subsequent to postglacial fragmentation produce unique haplotypes (white) on each sky island that are rare and peripheral. (b) Expected pattern for demographic expansion in a panmictic population with no postglacial divergence shows same star-shaped network, but recently derived haplotypes resulting from expansion are not necessarily partitioned among sky islands. (c) Expected pattern for ancient divergence among sky islands. Monophyletic complements of haplotypes occur on each sky island (enclosed by dotted lines) with no mixing. Note that intermediate patterns are possible.

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