From: Genetical genomic determinants of alcohol consumption in rats and humans
Correlation with Alcohol Consumption | Gene Symbol | Gene Name and Description |
---|---|---|
+ | Mc4r | Melanocortin 4 receptor; activation by melanocortin (MSH) decreases caloric intake. Mc4r localized on GABA neurons. Mc4r agonist reduced ethanol consumption in association with food consumption [45, 65, 116]. |
+ | Cckbr | Cholecystokinin 2 receptor; Cholecystokinin (CCK) is localized in some GABA interneurons, and activation of Cck2r can facilitate GABA release. CCK is a satiety hormone. Cck2r null mutants show low alcohol consumption [60, 95, 117]. |
- | Mogat2 = MGAT2 | Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2; esterase affecting mono- and di-acylglycerol. |
- | Abat | 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA aminotransferase); GABA degrading enzyme. |
- | P2rx4 | P2x purinoceptor 4; located on GABA neuron terminals in VTA and is a cation channel for Ca2+. Enhances GABA release by presynaptic action. Inhibited by ethanol [118]. |
- | Ptpre | Receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon; inhibits voltage-gated K+ channels on GABA interneurons [62]. |
+ | Afap1l1 | Actin filament associated protein; interacts with dynamin, involved in endocytosis. |
+ | Tubb6 | Tubulin B6; cytoplasmic dynein interacts with tubulin, involved in microtubule movement [79]. |
- | Tnk2 | Protein tyrosine kinase Ack; Cdc42-associated kinase, located pre and post synaptically; influences endocytosis [72]. |
+ | F2rl1 | Protease-activated receptor 2(PAR2); activates PI3-kinase, activation of Cdc42 required. Increases Ca2+ signaling. In Glu and GABA neurons [75, 76]. |