Figure 5

Patterns of coordinated response to external and internal signals. Each box includes eyespot traits that responded in a similar manner to differences in developmental temperature (A) and to hormone injections (B). Boxes in dashed lines represent traits (symbols, compare with Figure 2) that do not respond to temperature (A1) or to hormone injections (B1). The other boxes represent distinct patterns of response to temperature (A2-A3) or to ecdysone (B2-B3) [see details in Additional file 5]. The three circles at the top of each box represent each of the three experimental temperatures: from right to left, 19°C, 23°C and 27°C. In panel (A), lines between those circles illustrate the shapes of the corresponding thermal reaction norms (compare with Figure 3): flat for A1, 19°C <23°C approximately 27°C for A2, and 19°C <23°C <27°C for A3. In panel (B), the circles not in gray represent temperatures for which phenotypes were significantly different between control- and hormone-injected individuals (compare with Figure 4): no effect of hormone manipulations for whichever temperature in B1, effect only for 19°C in B2 and effect both at 19°C and 23°C in B3. The only traits that do not respond to temperature (A1) correspond to the eyespot shown to be under sexual selection, while those that do not respond to hormone manipulations (B1) are those not exposed to predators in resting butterflies (C). The patterns of response to temperature contrast fore- and hindwing while those for hormone manipulations contrast black and golden color rings. A detailed scheme of the patterns of response showing all traits can be found in Additional file 5.