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Table 4 Representative list of genes that have been identified as candidates for adaptation

From: Population genomic evidence for adaptive differentiation in Baltic Sea three-spined sticklebacks

Ensembl gene ID

Gene name

Gene description

BayeScan

BAYENV

References

   

Outlier a

Salinity b

Temperature b

ENSGACG00000018422

cpeb4

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4

Yes

**

*

[13,61,65]

ENSGACG00000018320

flt4

fms-related tyrosine kinase 4

–

**

**

[60,61]

ENSGACG00000007263

pde4ba

Phosphodiesterase 4B, cAMP-specific a

–

**

*

[13,60]

ENSGACG00000015515

pde4ca

Phosphodiesterase 4C, cAMP-specific a

–

*

–

[13]

ENSGACG00000001583

pex5

Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5-Like

–

*

–

[13]

ENSGACG00000018958

pparaa

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha a

Yes

**

*

[13,60,65,96]

ENSGACG00000008634

stat5.1

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5.1

–

**

–

[13,60,61,65]

ENSGACG00000014429

zgc:85722

Family with sequence similarity 184, member A

–

*

**

[60,61]

ENSGACG00000009393

FAM19A1

Family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A1

–

–

*

[57,95]

ENSGACG00000002723

pi15a

Peptidase inhibitor 15a

–

*

–

[60,65]

ENSGACG00000007629

acer1

Alkaline ceramidase 1

–

**

**

[60]

ENSGACG00000008897

STAC2 (2 of 2)

SH3 and cysteine rich domain 2

–

**

–

[60]

ENSGACG00000019342

  

–

–

*

[60,95]

ENSGACG00000020327

aifm1

Apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1

–

*

*

[60]

ENSGACG00000017985

ctnna2

Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 2

–

–

*

[65]

ENSGACG00000000827

pygmb

Phosphorylase, glycogen (muscle) b

–

*

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000001963

enpep

Glutamyl aminopeptidase

–

–

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000002497

fam65a

Family with sequence similarity 65, member A

–

–

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000003512

crb2b

Crumbs homolog 2b

–

*

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000004737

rrbp1a

Ribosome binding protein 1 homolog a

–

–

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000005034

NAV1 (1 of 2)

 

–

–

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000006980

prkd3

Protein kinase D3

–

*

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000009748

swap70b

SWAP switching B-cell complex subunit 70b

–

*

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000011184

tcf7l1b

Transcription factor 7-like 1b

–

*

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000011691

  

–

*

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000012972

gorasp2

Golgi reassembly stacking protein 2

–

*

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000013300

si:ch211-241e1.3

si:ch211-241e1.3

–

**

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000014605

  

–

*

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000015419

cmtm4

CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 4

–

–

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000015537

cybb

Cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide (chronic granulomatous disease)

–

*

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000015777

dmgdh

Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase

–

*

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000017100

LRP4

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4

–

*

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000017390

cntln

Centlein, centrosomal protein

–

*

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000019432

  

Yes

*

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000019512

nxpe3 (7 of 8)

Neurexophilin and PC-esterase domain family, member 3

–

**

*

[95]

ENSGACG00000019730

si:dkeyp-34c12.2

si:dkeyp-34c12.2

–

*

–

[95]

ENSGACG00000020156

si:ch211-55a7.1

si:ch211-55a7.1

–

–

*

[95]

  1. These are for both Baltic Sea and marine–freshwater pairs of three-spined sticklebacks (regular font), as well as those differentially expressed in salinity and control treatments (bold font).
  2. aGene with SNP loci identified as outliers by BayeScan.
  3. bGene with SNP loci in which allelic distribution is significantly associated with variation in salinity and/or temperature by BAYENV. **: log10 (BF) >5; *: log10 (BF) > 1.5.