Fig. 3

Inactivation of tankyrase 1 and 2 (TNKS/2) weakens protrusive activity and lamellipodia formation. a Phase-contrast snapshots extracted from a 1 h time-lapse movie of wounded A549 monolayers treated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF; 50 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of JNJ-BJ (10 μM). White arrows indicate membrane projections; yellow arrows label circular dorsal ruffles. See Additional file 10: Movie M1 for complete visualization. Scale bar, 7 μm. b Quantitation of membrane protrusions in HGF-stimulated wound-edge A549 cells with or without TNKS/2 inhibitors (see “Methods” for details; HGF, 50 ng/mL; XAV939 and JNJ-BJ, 10 μM). Results are expressed as the percentage of protrusion-positive cells ± standard error of the mean. A minimum of 163 cells was counted for each experimental point in three independent experiments (P < 0.001 by two-way analysis of variance). Raw data for panel b are shown in Additional file 11. DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide