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Fig. 4 | BMC Biology

Fig. 4

From: Enhancing circadian clock function in cancer cells inhibits tumor growth

Fig. 4

Dexamethasone (DEX) injection induces rhythmic cell cycle events and reduces B16 tumor growth in vivo. a–g Cell cycle protein expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors after repeated intra-tumoral DEX or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection every 2 days for 8–11 days (n = 16–18, 4–5 mice/time point; F-test: PBS: all genes: p > 0.05; DEX: CDK1, CDK2, p57: p > 0.05; c-MYC: p ≤ 0.05; WEE1, p21: p < 0.01; CYCLIN E: p < 0.001). h–l Analysis for cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis in s.c. tumors (n = 15–18, 3–5 mice/time point; F-test: PBS all phases: p > 0.05, DEX: G2/M: p > 0.05; G0/G1, S, apoptosis: p < 0.05; mitotic index: p < 0.01). m Volume of s.c. tumors in C57BL/6 J mice injected intra-tumorally at day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 with DEX or PBS (n = 3–11 mice/group/time point, two-way ANOVA: p < 0.0001; posthoc test: ***p < 0.001). Data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). n Volume of s.c. tumors in NSG mice injected intra-tumorally at day 0, 2, 4 and 6 with DEX or PBS (n = 4 mice/group, two-way ANOVA: p < 0.0001; posthoc test: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. For details of statistics, see Additional file 1

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