Fig. 4From: Enhancing circadian clock function in cancer cells inhibits tumor growthDexamethasone (DEX) injection induces rhythmic cell cycle events and reduces B16 tumor growth in vivo. a–g Cell cycle protein expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors after repeated intra-tumoral DEX or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection every 2 days for 8–11 days (n = 16–18, 4–5 mice/time point; F-test: PBS: all genes: p > 0.05; DEX: CDK1, CDK2, p57: p > 0.05; c-MYC: p ≤ 0.05; WEE1, p21: p < 0.01; CYCLIN E: p < 0.001). h–l Analysis for cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis in s.c. tumors (n = 15–18, 3–5 mice/time point; F-test: PBS all phases: p > 0.05, DEX: G2/M: p > 0.05; G0/G1, S, apoptosis: p < 0.05; mitotic index: p < 0.01). m Volume of s.c. tumors in C57BL/6 J mice injected intra-tumorally at day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 with DEX or PBS (n = 3–11 mice/group/time point, two-way ANOVA: p < 0.0001; posthoc test: ***p < 0.001). Data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). n Volume of s.c. tumors in NSG mice injected intra-tumorally at day 0, 2, 4 and 6 with DEX or PBS (n = 4 mice/group, two-way ANOVA: p < 0.0001; posthoc test: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. For details of statistics, see Additional file 1 Back to article page