Fig. 9

Exogenous treatment of GDF11 potently activates SMAD2/3 in cultured primary skeletal muscle myoblasts. a, b Western blot (a) and quantification (b) showing phosphorylated SMAD2/3 (pSMAD2/3), total SMAD2/3 (tSMAD2/3), and GAPDH of cultured primary skeletal muscle myoblasts following treatment with GDF8 or GDF11. Cells were treated with a range of ligand concentrations (10, 50, and 250 ng) for 1 h, lysed, and probed for the indicated proteins. 20 μg total protein loaded. Primary skeletal myoblasts were obtained from three different animals (n = 3). Data information: In b, data are presented as a ratio of pSMAD2/3 to total SMAD2/3. To obtain this ratio, pSMAD2/3 or SMAD2/3 was first normalized to GAPDH. The ratio of this quotient was then graphed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P ≤ 0.05 and **P ≤ 0.01 (Student’s t test). Ligand sources: PeproTech Cat. no. 120-00 and Cat. no. 120-11