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Fig. 3 | BMC Biology

Fig. 3

From: Characterization of a thalamic nucleus mediating habenula responses to changes in ambient illumination

Fig. 3

Anatomical characterization of thalamic neurons projecting to the habenula. a An example of DiD injection (cyan) into the dorsal neuropil of the left habenula (yellow arrowhead). The dorsal neuropil of the right habenula contains afferents from the entopeduncular nucleus (labeled by the SqKR11Et line; magenta) and has no DiD-labeled neurons, indicating specificity of the injection. b Dorsal view of the thalamic region of a 7-day-old fish following DiD injection into the dorsal left habenula neuropil. Arrowheads indicate retrogradely DiD-labeled neurons that express eGFP (shown in yellow) under the control of the vGlut2a GAL4 driver. c Lateral view of the fish in panel b, showing DiD-labeled neurons on the right side of the brain. d Dorsal view of another larva, in which the dorsal right habenula had been injected with DiD. Retrogradely labeled neurons are located in the entopeduncular nucleus. e A double transgenic fish, with glutamatergic neurons shown in green (e'), and GABAergic neurons shown in magenta. The neuropil in the anterior thalamus (arrow) contains magenta label (e’’), indicating the presence of GABAergic fibers. f Lateral view of a 7 dpf larva following injection of CM-DiI into the dorsal left habenula and labeling with anti-GAD 65/67. The region of the neuropil containing CM-DiI-labeled neurites (red; arrowheads; f’’) is labeled with the GAD65/67 antibody (cyan; f’). All panels except c are single optical sections. Pa pallium, rHb right habenula, lHb left habenula, fr fasciculus retroflexus, Th thalamus, EN entopeduncular nucleus, OT optic tectum, otr optic tract, ZLI zona limitans intrathalamica, AC anterior commissure, a anterior, p posterior, d dorsal, v ventral

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