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Fig. 2 | BMC Biology

Fig. 2

From: Mitochondrial unfolded protein response transcription factor ATFS-1 promotes longevity in a long-lived mitochondrial mutant through activation of stress response pathways

Fig. 2

ATFS-1 is required for the survival and longevity of long-lived mitochondrial mutants. atfs-1 levels were decreased using three paradigms of increasing severity: RNAi beginning from the experimental L4 generation (left column), RNAi beginning from the parental L4 generation (middle column) and deletion mutation (right column). Decreasing the expression of atfs-1 beginning at the L4 stage of development had little or no effect on the lifespan of clk-1 (a), isp-1 (b), or nuo-6 (c) worms, despite reducing the expression of atfs-1 and the atfs-1 target gene hsp-6 (d). Decreasing the expression of atfs-1 beginning in the parental generation resulted in developmental arrest in both clk-1 (e) and isp-1 (f) worms, while nuo-6 worms grew to adulthood and showed a decreased lifespan (g). This treatment reduced atfs-1 and hsp-6 levels, and resulted in an upregulation of hsp-16.11 and hsp-16.2 (h). Deletion of atfs-1 resulted in developmental arrest in clk-1 (i) and isp-1 (j) worms. In contrast, nuo-6;atfs-1 worms are viable and the atfs-1 deletion completely reverted nuo-6 lifespan to wild-type (k). Deletion of atfs-1 decreased atfs-1 and hsp-6 gene expression and increased the levels of hsp-16.11 and hsp-16.2 mRNA (l). Significance between red and purple lines is indicated. Error bars indicate SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. See Additional file 4: Table S4 for raw lifespan data. See Additional file 5: Table S5 for details on N and replicates

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