Table 1 Ways that researchers can promote the practice of open science today

• Within one’s home institution

 ° Catalyze open science practices through seminars, workshops, hackathons, contests [7].

 ° Join groups that advocate evaluation or promotion criteria in support of open science.

 ° Pursue funding opportunities that require or permit open intellectual property.

 ° Opt for open methods rather than proprietary, licensed products.

 ° Strive toward reproducibility.

 ° Apply liberal licenses to documents and software.

 ° Store data in free and open access repositories.

• Collaborations

 ° Forge ties across labs to share resources.

 ° Collaborate with institutions that require open standards.

 ° Use collaborative software and collaborative software engineering practices.

 ° Publish a code of conduct for each project to clarify roles and to help resolve disputes.

 ° Clarify contributor roles at the outset of a project to assign appropriate credit and accountability, especially for open contributions.

 ° Clarify when contributions to a project can be released.

 ° Avail oneself of experts in alternative and complementary methods to reduce bias [8], evaluate methods, and corroborate results.

 ° Participate in interdisciplinary open science and collaboration events.

• Publications and presentations

 ° Preregister research, and openly publish the preregistration.

 ° Encourage participation of scientists and non-scientists alike.

 ° Publish and present in venues and in accessible language intended for general audiences, and audiences of different disciplines.

 ° Publish in open access venues and follow FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles.

 ° Publish in open data and open methods journals.

 ° Follow community-supported data format and reporting guidelines.

 ° Insist on publishing experimental protocols and negative results.

 ° Boycott review or submission for publishers and publications that flout open standards.

 ° When reviewing others’ work, acknowledge attempts and provide recommendations toward more open science practices.

 ° Participate in open peer review, especially in languages other than English.

 ° Include an ethics section to articulate ethical considerations and implications.

 ° Study and report the costs and benefits of your own open practices.

 ° Make it clear where people can access open resources that you mention.

 ° When someone else mentions a resource, ask about access and usage restrictions.

 ° Include open resources on one’s webpage and CV.

• Social media

 ° Use and contribute to wikis and social Q&A networks.

 ° Do not engage in ad hominem attacks.

 ° Do not take others’ comments personally; respond to the science and request guidance toward better open science practices.

 ° Tactfully ask clarifying questions to help guide a discussion toward a useful resolution.

 ° Publicly acknowledge contributions to open science projects whenever possible.