Fig. 4

Stacked frequency histograms of shape similarity estimates of male (blue) and female (red) C. lupus crania obtained from elliptical Fourier harmonic data that model dorso-ventral cranial outlines. Note that almost 70% of the data fall into the region of overlap between male and female shape distributions. Despite expected differences in sex modal values, the distribution distinctions between these distributions are insufficient to support an interpretation of sex-based cranial size differences for this sample