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Fig. 2 | BMC Biology

Fig. 2

From: Mechanical force-induced morphology changes in a human fungal pathogen

Fig. 2

Filament subapical bending or buckling during invasive growth or confinement in PDMS chamber. a Filament buckling during invasive growth. DIC images of representative cells growing within PDMS at indicated times; red arrowheads indicate filament buckling. b Filament buckling upon confinement in stiff PDMS chambers. Cells entrapped in the PDMS chamber at indicated times visualized by DIC (top panel). Time-lapse of a cell grown on PDMS, probing the surface (bottom) followed by filament buckling and release, at indicated times. c Schematic of bending and buckling cells. Top cell bending in the microchamber and bottom filament buckling within PDMS (lighter green indicates part within PDMS). d PDMS invasion and filament bending are inversely correlated. Three independent time-lapse experiments were carried out at indicated PDMS to cross-linker ratios. Filament curvature upon contact or penetration of PDMS was scored as bending (bending or buckling within PDMS was not scored). Bars indicate SD, and points indicate experimental mean (n = 20–60 cells per experiment and 90–140 per condition). e Filament buckling increases with increasing PDMS stiffness. Independent time-lapse experiments (4–5) were carried out at indicated PDMS ratio, with n = 20–50 invasive cells per experiment (90–125 per condition). Bars indicate SD, and points indicate experimental means. Invasive filaments were considered buckling if the angle of the filament was 90° or greater, compared to filament tip. Note that no buckling was observed in filaments growing on the PDMS surface. f Young’s modulus of PDMS preparations. Young’s modulus was determined by a viscoanalyzer for 10–30 preparations (except 35:1, only 2 preparations) at indicated PDMS to cross-linker ratios

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