Fig. 7

Reduced NPF signaling leads to reduced shock avoidance. a Flies with reduced NPF signaling show decreased avoidance of a high-current/high-sucrose combination (*p = 0.017, Mann-Whitney U test, n = 18 arenas each). b These flies also show reduced avoidance of higher current at equal sucrose concentration combination (**p = 0.006, n = 14, 13 arenas). c 18-h food-deprived flies with reduced NPF signaling show increased avoidance of a bitter caffeine/high-sucrose combination at the restrictive temperature in a fluorescence ingestion choice assay combination (***p < 0.0001, n = 16, 15 from 4 feeding choice plates, 30 flies per plate, where an n of 1 is the combined fluorescence of 3 flies). d These same flies show decreased avoidance of a higher current combination (**p < 0.003, n = 9, 11 arenas). e Reduced NPF signaling also leads to an increase in median proboscis event length at the restrictive temperature with 10-MΩ current (**p = 0.0012, n = 47, 86 events from 8 arenas), but not on the 33-MΩ, imperceptible current well (ns p = 0.14, n = 103, 77 events from 8 arenas). f Similarly, mutation in the NPF receptor leads to increased event duration on the 10-MΩ (**p = 0.007, n = 96, 80 events from 8 arenas), but not 33-MΩ well (ns p = 0.20, n = 255, 271 events from 8 arenas)