Fig. 1

CA1 astrocyte Gi activation impairs schema-mediated memory. A Left, virally expressed hM4Di-mCherry in CA1 astrocytic membrane around the soma and in the distal processes. Right, co-localization with the neuronal nuclear marker NeuN (scale bar, 100 µm). B Schematic of PA arena, which is composed of six flavor-location paired associations (L1–L6). L7/L8 will replace L1/L6 in new PA training and probe test, 3 pellets were hidden in the bottom of sand well. C Performance index during the learning of OPA and NPA in hM4Di_CNO, hM4Di_Saline and Vehicle_CNO groups (hM4Di_CNO and hM4Di_Saline, n=6; Vehicle_CNO, n=4). CNO or saline was intraperitoneally injected in session 1, sessions 3–8, sessions 10–16, and session 18. D Schematic of the experimental protocol, top, timeline of habituation, schema training, NPA introduce, and memory recall. Bottom, timeline of CNO or saline i.p. and tasks training. E Nonrewarded cued-recall probe tests (PT1–3) for the acquisition of OPAs across sessions 2, 9, and 17 in hM4Di_CNO (n=6), hM4Di_Saline (n=6) and Vehicle_CNO (n=4) groups. The graph represents the percentage of dig time at the cued location (light color bars) relative to that of the non-cued locations (dark color bars). F Memory recall in PT4 for the NPA (light color bar) in hM4Di_CNO (n=6), hM4Di_Saline (n=6) and Vehicle_CNO groups (n=4). G The latency (s) rat cost before digging commenced at the correct well in hM4Di_Saline group (n=6) and Vehicle_CNO group (n=4). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001