Figure 4 From: Immune system responses and fitness costs associated with consumption of bacteria in larvae of Trichoplusia ni The effect of bacterial diet (+BAC) and bacteria-free diet (-BAC) on the pupation time and pupal masses in T. ni. Graphs shows least square means of the model, representing mean ± SD. (A) Pupal masses are decreased when larvae are fed bacterial diet in comparison to larvae grown on bacteria-free diet. (B) Bacterial diet leads to delayed pupation times in T. ni larvae.Back to article page