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Table 8 Duplication triads and patterns of expression subfunctionalisation and neofunctionalisationa

From: 2R and remodeling of vertebrate signal transduction engine

Triad expression

Tetrapoda and younger

Chordata

2ROs

Evolutionary interpretation

b: b &b

0

6

56

Ancestral expression conservation (b)

b: nb & b

5

11

123

Subfunctionalisation through loss of PBE in one duplicate

b: nb & nb

7

12

133

Gain or loss independent of gene duplication

Conservation/sub

0/5 = 0

6/11 = 0.55

56/123 = 0.46

Relative rate of subfunctionalisation

nb: b & b

1

3

18

Gain or loss independent of gene duplication

nb: nb & b

7

11

58

Neofunctionalisation through gain of PBE in one duplicate

nb: nb & nb

12

9

78

Ancestral expression conservation (nb)

Conservation/neo

12/7 = 1.71

9/11 = 0.82

78/58 = 1.34

Relative rate of neofunctionalisation

Sub/neo ratio

5/7 = 0.71

11/11 = 1

123/58 = 2.12

Ratio of sub- to neofunctionalisation

  1. aWe quantified triads depending on brain expression status of a pair of human duplicated genes mapped to unique fly ortholog, depending on timing of duplication ("b" denotes PBE, "nb" denotes lack thereof). PBE, preferential brain expression.