λex [nm] | λem [nm] | Rise time (depol.) [ms] | Decay time (hyperpol.) [ms] | Intensity ~[W/cm2] | SNR | Res. spike rate [Hz] | ΔF/F for 100 mV | Bleaching | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VSD-based | ||||||||||
ArcLight Q239 | 480 | 520 | τ1 = 9 (50%) τ2 = 48 (RT) | τ1 = 17 (79%) τ2 = 63 (RT) | Xenon arc lamp | 3.7 per AP | 10 | −35% | τ = 244 s | |
ArcLight-MT | 480 | 535 | τ = 84.8 (RT) | τ = 91.9 (RT) | Mercury arc lamp | 5.6 per AP | 10 | −20% | τ = 360 s | |
ASAP1 | 472 | 525 | τ1 = 2.1 (60%) τ2 = 71.5 (RT) | τ1 = 2.0 (43.7%) τ2 = 50.8 (RT) | 10− 1 | 14.6 per AP | 200 | − 20% | τ = 35 m | St-Pierre 2014 [38] |
ASAP2f | 470 | 525 | τ1 = 2.8 (81%) τ2 = 135 (RT) | τ1 = 2.4 (71%) τ2 = 155 (RT) | 100 | 5 per AP | 100 | −20% | τ = 404 s | |
ASAP2s | 480 | 525 | τ1 = 5.2 (56%) τ2 = 63 (RT) | τ1 = 24 (49%) τ2 = 106 (RT) | 100 | 8 per AP | 100 | −38% | τ1 = 121 s (69%) τ2 = 1017 s | Chamberland 2017 [41] |
ASAP3 | 484 | 525 | τ1 = 3.7 (81%) τ2 = 48 (RT) | τ1 = 16 (81%) τ2 = 102 (RT) | 10−1 | 2.6 per AP (2P) | 100 | −50% | 19.6%/first 10 s 0.99%/m after that (2P) | Chavarha 2018 [40] |
Bongwoori | 472 | 496 | τ1 = 8 (91%) τ2 = 30 (RT) | τ = 7 (RT) | Xenon arc lamp | 19 per AP | 60 | −15% | > 450 s | |
Bongwoori-R3 | 472 | 497 | τ1 = 7 (90%) τ2 = 45 (RT) | τ1 = 6 (91%) τ2 = 46 (RT) | Xenon arc lamp | 52 per AP | 65 | −20% | > 450 s | Lee 2017 [91] |
FlicR1 | 561 | 595 | τ1 = 3 (90%) τ2 = 42 (RT) | τ1 = 2.8 (70%) τ2 = 18 (RT) | 101 | 6 per AP | 100 | 6.40% | τ = 150 s | |
FlicR2 | 561 | 630 | τ1 = 2.9 τ2 = 29.5 (RT) | τ1 = 3.1 τ2 = 28.5 (RT) | 100 | NR | NR | 12.90% | NR | Kannan 2018 [44] |
Marina | 488 | 520 | τ = 29.2 (RT) | τ1 = 15.6 (61%) τ2 = 59.4 (RT) | 100 | 4.5 per AP | NR | 29.20% | τ = 206 s | Platisa 2017 [43] |
Mermaid | 455 | 480 (donor) 575 (acceptor) | τ1~ 12 τ2~200 (RT) | τ~ 128 (RT) | 100 | NR | 100 | ~ 30% ΔR/R | NR | Tsutsui 2008 [28] |
VSFP Butterfly1.2 | 483 | 542 (donor) 594 (acceptor) | τ1~1.5 (35%) τ2~15 (RT) | NR | Xenon arc lamp | NR | 40 | 5% ΔR/R | NR | Akemann 2012 [92] |
Rhodopsin-based | ||||||||||
Arch | 640 | 687 | < 1 | < 1 | 103 | NR | NR | 40% at 640 nm | NR | |
Arch (D95N) | 640 | 687 | τ1 = 0.5 (20%) τ2 = 41 (RT) | NR | 103 | NR | NR | 50% at 640 nm | NR | |
Archer1 | 655 | NR | Like Arch | Like Arch | 102 | NR | 40 | 85% at 655 nm | NR | Flytzanis 2014 [53] |
QuasAr1 | 640 | 715 | τ1 = 0.05 (94%) τ2 = 3.2 (RT) | Similar to rising | 102 | 20–30 per AP | NR | 32% at 640 nm | τ = 440 s | Hochbaum 2014 [93] |
QuasAr2 | 640 | 715 | τ1 = 1.2 (68%) τ2 = 11.8 (RT) | Similar to rising | 102 | 40–70 per AP | NR | 90% at 640 nm | τ = 1020 s | Hochbaum 2014 [93] |
QuasAr3 | Like QuasAr2 | Like QuasAr2 | τ1 = 1.2 (77%) τ2 = 10.0 (34 °C) | τ1 = 0.9 (91%) τ2 = 9.0 (34 °C) | 102 | 27 per AP | NR | 54% at 640 nm | NR | Adam 2018 [55] |
Archon1 | 637 | NR | τ1 = 0.6 (88%) τ2 = 8.1 (34 °C) | τ1 = 1.1 (88%) τ2 = 13 (34 °C) | 101–102 | 21 per AP | NR | 43% at 637 nm | 0.01%/s | Piatkevich 2018 [57] |
Archon2 | 637 | NR | τ1 = 0.6 (70%) τ2 = 6.7 (34 °C) | τ1 = 0.17 (92%) τ2 = 7.0 (34 °C) | 101–102 | 16 per AP | 200 | 19% at 637 nm | 0.03%/s | Piatkevich 2018 [57] |
QuasAr2-mOrange | 549 | 565 | τ1 = 3.9 (60%) τ2 = 27 (23 °C) | τ1 = 4.3 (45%) τ2 = 26 (23 °C) | 101 | 9 per AP | NR | −10% | NR | Zou 2014 [61] |
MacQ-mCitrine | 515 | 530 | τ1 = 2.8 (74%) τ2 = 71 (RT) | τ1 = 5.4 (77%) τ2 = 67 (RT) | 101 | NR | NR | −20% | 1.3%/s | |
Ace2-4aa-mNeon | 505 | 515 | τ1 = 0.37 (58%) τ2 = 5.5 (RT) | τ1 = 0.5 (60%) τ2 = 5.9 (RT) | 101 | NR | NR | −12% | 0.6%/s | Gong 2015 [52] |
VARNAM | 558 | 605 | τ1 = 0.88 τ2 = 5.2 (RT) | τ1 = 0.80 τ2 = 4.7 (RT) | 101 | 36 per AP | 100 | −14% for 120 mV | τ = 256 s | Kannan 2018 [44] |
Chemogenetics based | ||||||||||
hVOS | 480 | 535 | < 1 | < 1 | Mercury arc lamp | NR | 667 | 34% | NR | Chanda et al. 2005 [70] |
Flare1 | 488 | 570 | τ1 = 0.92 (96%) τ2 = 23.5 | τ1 = 1.41 (91%) τ2 = 25.6 | 100 | 53 | 20 | 35.9% | NR | Xu et al. 2018 [74] |
Voltron 525 | 532 | 553 | τ1 = 0.64 (61%) τ2 = 4.1 | τ1 = 0.78 (55%) τ2 = 3.9 | 100 | 4.4 | 10 | 30% | τ = 206 s | Abdelfattah 2016 [42] |
VF-EX | 525 | 540 | < 1 | < 1 | NR | 20 | 3 | 21% | NR | Liu et al. 2017 [77] |
VoltageSpy | 525 | 540 | < 1 | < 1 | 10−1–100 | 7.7 | NR | 60% | NR | Grenier et al. 2019 [82] |
HAPI-Nile | 540–552 | 581 | τ1 = 1.9 (85%) | τ1 = 1.9 (85%) | 101 | 12.4 | 10 | 5.50% | NR | Sundukova et al. 2019 [83] |