Fig. 3

Distribution of transcription factor families across insect genomes and stage-specific expression in Frankliniella occidentalis. a Heatmap depicting the abundance of transcription factor (TF) families across a collection of insect genomes. Each entry indicates the number of TF genes for the given family in the given genome, based on presence of DNA-binding domains (DBD). Color key is depicted at the top (light blue means the TF family is completely absent)—note log (base 2) scale. Species were hierarchically clustered using average linkage clustering. F. occidentalis is boxed. See Additional file 2: Table S5 for TF genes with predicted DBDs. b Expression of specific TFs enriched within each developmental stage (larvae, propupae, and adult) based on data presented in Additional file 3. Sample designations: L1 = first-instar larvae, P1 = propupae, and A1 = adults (mixed males and females) of healthy cohorts (H) from three biological replicates (0, 1, 2)