Fig. 7
From: Toxic stress-specific cytoprotective responses regulate learned behavioral decisions in C. elegans
Avoidant and tolerant learned behaviors elicited by stress-associated olfactory cues. a Experimental design for the toxic odor preconditioning-induced learning paradigm. Animals were exposed to a hanging drop of undiluted odor (preconditioned, PC) or vehicle (naive), washed, and assayed for chemotaxis, food aversion, and odor preference using diluted, 1% odors. b Effect of ccDA preconditioning on chemotaxis to 1% DA. c Effect of ccDA preconditioning on lawn avoidance in the presence of 1% DA. d Effect of ccDA preconditioning on odor choice between 1% DA and 1% BA. Choice indices were calculated as CI = (# on DA − # on BA)/(# on DA + # on BA). e The effect of ccBA preconditioning on chemotaxis to 1% BA. f Effect of ccBA preconditioning on lawn avoidance in the presence of 1% BA. g Effect of ccBA preconditioning on odor choice between 1% BA and 1% DA. Choice indices were calculated as CI = (# on BA − # on DA)/(# on BA + # on DA). h Learning indices from e and i, calculated as LI = CI (naive) − CI (preconditoned). Error bars represent mean ± SEM. N, number of independent experiments. p values were obtained by one-way ANOVA (for chemotaxis and food leaving assays) and by two-way ANOVA (for odor choice assays) with Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. n.s., not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001