Fig. 4

Comparison of adjacent and distant core promoter genes between locusts and fruit flies. a Scatter plot of the TSC expression quantiles and the distances from the annotated start codons of protein-coding genes to the core promoters upstream. The density of points is shown using the smooth Scatter kernel-based density function in R. b Correlation between the distances from the annotated start codons to the upstream core promoters and TSC expression (TPM). c Density distribution of the PSS values of adjacent and distant core promoters. d Relationships between genic TSC expression and the shape dynamics of core promoters. All of the core promoters were sorted by the TPM of each genic TSC and were assigned to expression quantiles for each species. For all core promoters, we used a 200-core-promoter window size with a moving step size of 40 core promoters. The data represent the mean PSS values and mean TSC expression, which are normalized on the basis of the maximum TPM value of each category. The smooth lines were plotted with stat_smooth within the R environment using the ggplot2 package