Fig. 2

HUVEC recruitment by iWJ-MSC-EVs embedded in agarose spots: live analysis of the active cell migration followed for 12 h. Quantification of the A directionality, B Euclidean distance, C velocity, and D accumulated distance of the cell movement. Images were taken every 30 min, tracking 5 border and 5 remote random cells of 6 different spots for each condition. E Representative images of the migration assay from each condition at 0 and 12 h. Scale bar is 100 μm. Agarose spot’s border is represented as a yellow dotted line. F Corresponding rose plots of each condition of the HUVEC’s movement during the 12 h follow-up. The spot’s position is represented as a black dot. Border (cells localised at the spot’s border) and remote (cells localised far away from the spot) cells positions were determined at time 0. Results from 2 independent experiments with 3 replicates/conditions are shown. Statistically significant differences are represented as *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 by a Kruskal–Wallis test with a Dunn’s post hoc analysis