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  1. Extensive molecular differences exist between proliferative and differentiated cells. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets from preimplantation and differentiation sta...

    Authors: Aristeidis G. Telonis and Isidore Rigoutsos
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic diseases. Hence, mitotherapeutics may be valuable disease modifiers for a large number of conditions. In this study, we ...

    Authors: Luana Naia, Catarina M. Pinho, Giacomo Dentoni, Jianping Liu, Nuno Santos Leal, Duarte M. S. Ferreira, Bernadette Schreiner, Riccardo Filadi, Lígia Fão, Niamh M. C. Connolly, Pontus Forsell, Gunnar Nordvall, Makoto Shimozawa, Elisa Greotti, Emy Basso, Pierre Theurey…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine ...

    Authors: Sanja Bojic, Alex Murray, Barry L. Bentley, Ralf Spindler, Piotr Pawlik, José L. Cordeiro, Roman Bauer and João Pedro de Magalhães
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:56
    Content type: Review Published on:

  4. The anthropogenic increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca) is impacting carbon (C), water, and nitrogen (N) cycles in grassland and other terrestrial biomes. Plant canopy stomatal conductance is a key playe...

    Authors: Juan C. Baca Cabrera, Regina T. Hirl, Rudi Schäufele, Andy Macdonald and Hans Schnyder
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The fungus Leptosphaeria maculans has an exceptionally long and complex relationship with its host plant, Brassica napus, during which it switches between different lifestyles, including asymptomatic, biotrophic,...

    Authors: Elise J. Gay, Jessica L. Soyer, Nicolas Lapalu, Juliette Linglin, Isabelle Fudal, Corinne Da Silva, Patrick Wincker, Jean-Marc Aury, Corinne Cruaud, Anne Levrel, Jocelyne Lemoine, Regine Delourme, Thierry Rouxel and Marie-Hélène Balesdent
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The three-dimensional spatial organization of the genome plays important roles in chromatin accessibility and gene expression in multiple biological processes and has been reported to be altered in response to...

    Authors: Zhe Liang, Qian Zhang, Changmian Ji, Guihua Hu, Pingxian Zhang, Yifan Wang, Liwen Yang and Xiaofeng Gu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Eukaryote genomes frequently harbor supernumerary B chromosomes in addition to the “standard” A chromosome set. B chromosomes are thought to arise as byproducts of genome rearrangements and have mostly been co...

    Authors: Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade Silva, Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano, Ricardo Utsunomia, María Martín-Peciña, Jonathan Pena Castro, Paula Paccielli Freire, Robson Francisco Carvalho, Diogo T. Hashimoto, Alexander Suh, Claudio Oliveira, Fábio Porto-Foresti, Roberto Ferreira Artoni, Fausto Foresti and Juan Pedro M. Camacho
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) can promote metabolic health through a process that is partially mediated by gut microbiota modulation. To compare the effects of CR and IF with different...

    Authors: Ziyi Zhang, Xiaoyu Chen, Yuh Jiun Loh, Xin Yang and Chenhong Zhang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. A long-standing debate concerns where in the processing hierarchy of the central nervous system (CNS) selective attention takes effect. In the auditory system, cochlear processes can be influenced via direct a...

    Authors: Moritz Herbert Albrecht Köhler, Gianpaolo Demarchi and Nathan Weisz
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is an important neuromodulator that is widely distributed in the brain and plays a key role in mediating stress responses and autonomic functions. While the distribution p...

    Authors: Yu Wang, Pu Hu, Qinghong Shan, Chuan Huang, Zhaohuan Huang, Peng Chen, Anan Li, Hui Gong and Jiang-Ning Zhou
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Iron is essential for bacterial survival. Bacterial siderophores are small molecules with unmatched capacity to scavenge iron from proteins and the extracellular milieu, where it mostly occurs as insoluble Fe3+. ...

    Authors: Sara Cleto, Kristina Haslinger, Kristala L. J. Prather and Timothy K. Lu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Nucleic acids can fold into non-canonical secondary structures named G-quadruplexes (G4s), which consist of guanine-rich sequences stacked into guanine tetrads stabilized by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, π-π int...

    Authors: Alessio De Magis, Melanie Kastl, Peter Brossart, Annkristin Heine and Katrin Paeschke
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:45
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  14. Amyloids are ordered, insoluble protein aggregates, characterized by a cross-β sheet quaternary structure in which molecules in a β-strand conformation are stacked along the filament axis via intermolecular in...

    Authors: Rubén Hervás, María del Carmen Fernández-Ramírez, Albert Galera-Prat, Mari Suzuki, Yoshitaka Nagai, Marta Bruix, Margarita Menéndez, Douglas V. Laurents and Mariano Carrión-Vázquez
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Contr...

    Authors: Pia U. Olafson, Serap Aksoy, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Greta Buckmeier, Xiaoting Chen, Craig J. Coates, Megan Davis, Justin Dykema, Scott J. Emrich, Markus Friedrich, Christopher J. Holmes, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Evan N. Jansen, Emily C. Jennings, Daniel Lawson, Ellen O. Martinson…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Publisher Correction to this article has been published in BMC Biology 2021 19:150

  16. Polyploidy has played a prominent role in the evolution of plants and many other eukaryotic lineages. However, how polyploid genomes adapt to the abrupt presence of two or more sets of chromosomes via genome r...

    Authors: Zhenling Lv, Zijuan Li, Meiyue Wang, Fei Zhao, Wenjie Zhang, Changping Li, Lei Gong, Yijng Zhang, Annaliese S. Mason and Bao Liu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell is finely modulated by different signals to allow an adequate control of glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) act as key p...

    Authors: Alba C. Arcones, Rocío Vila-Bedmar, Mercedes Mirasierra, Marta Cruces-Sande, Mario Vallejo, Ben Jones, Alejandra Tomas, Federico Mayor Jr and Cristina Murga
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) is a critical transcription factor for juvenile hormone (JH) signaling, known to play a key role in regulating metamorphosis and adult reproduction in insects. Kr-h1 can also be induc...

    Authors: Zidan Zhu, Chunmei Tong, Binbin Qiu, Hongguang Yang, Jiahui Xu, Sichun Zheng, Qisheng Song, Qili Feng and Huimin Deng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Cell type-specific transcriptional programming results from the combinatorial interplay between the repertoire of active regulatory elements. Disease-associated variants disrupt such programming, leading to al...

    Authors: Aiping Duan, Hong Wang, Yan Zhu, Qi Wang, Jing Zhang, Qing Hou, Yuexian Xing, Jinsong Shi, Jinhua Hou, Zhaohui Qin, Zhaohong Chen, Zhihong Liu and Jingping Yang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Organoids are morphologically heterogeneous three-dimensional cell culture systems and serve as an ideal model for understanding the principles of collective cell behaviour in mammalian organs during developme...

    Authors: Lotta Hof, Till Moreth, Michael Koch, Tim Liebisch, Marina Kurtz, Julia Tarnick, Susanna M. Lissek, Monique M. A. Verstegen, Luc J. W. van der Laan, Meritxell Huch, Franziska Matthäus, Ernst H. K. Stelzer and Francesco Pampaloni
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Custom genes have become a common resource in recombinant biology over the last 20 years due to the plummeting cost of DNA synthesis. These genes are often “optimized” to non-native sequences for overexpressio...

    Authors: Matthew J. Ranaghan, Jeffrey J. Li, Dylan M. Laprise and Colin W. Garvie
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:36
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  22. The G1 checkpoint is a critical regulator of genomic stability in untransformed cells, preventing cell cycle progression after DNA damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) recruit and activate ATM, a kinase whi...

    Authors: Iraia García-Santisteban, Alba Llopis, Lenno Krenning, Jon Vallejo-Rodríguez, Bram van den Broek, Ana M. Zubiaga and René H. Medema
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Site-specific C>T DNA base editing has been achieved by recruiting cytidine deaminases to the target C using catalytically impaired Cas proteins; the target C is typically located within 5-nt editing window sp...

    Authors: Wenxia Yu, Jianan Li, Shisheng Huang, Xiangyang Li, Ping Li, Guanglei Li, Aibin Liang, Tian Chi and Xingxu Huang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:34
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  24. Meta-analysis is often used to make generalisations across all available evidence at the global scale. But how can these global generalisations be used for evidence-based decision making at the local scale, if...

    Authors: Gorm E. Shackelford, Philip A. Martin, Amelia S. C. Hood, Alec P. Christie, Elena Kulinskaya and William J. Sutherland
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:33
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  25. The genealogical histories of individuals within populations are of interest to studies aiming both to uncover detailed pedigree information and overall quantitative population demographic histories. However, ...

    Authors: Ardalan Naseri, Kecong Tang, Xin Geng, Junjie Shi, Jing Zhang, Pramesh Shakya, Xiaoming Liu, Shaojie Zhang and Degui Zhi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Proper regulation of feeding is important for an organism’s well-being and survival and involves a motivational component directing the search for food. Dissecting the molecular and neural mechanisms of motiva...

    Authors: Puskar Mishra, Shany E. Yang, Austin B. Montgomery, Addison R. Reed, Aylin R. Rodan and Adrian Rothenfluh
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:31
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  27. The concentrations of distinct types of RNA in cells result from a dynamic equilibrium between RNA synthesis and decay. Despite the critical importance of RNA decay rates, current approaches for measuring them...

    Authors: Amit Blumberg, Yixin Zhao, Yi-Fei Huang, Noah Dukler, Edward J. Rice, Alexandra G. Chivu, Katie Krumholz, Charles G. Danko and Adam Siepel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:30
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  29. The mosquito Anopheles stephensi is a vector of urban malaria in Asia that recently invaded Africa. Studying the genetic basis of vectorial capacity and engineering genetic interventions are both impeded by limit...

    Authors: Mahul Chakraborty, Arunachalam Ramaiah, Adriana Adolfi, Paige Halas, Bhagyashree Kaduskar, Luna Thanh Ngo, Suvratha Jayaprasad, Kiran Paul, Saurabh Whadgar, Subhashini Srinivasan, Suresh Subramani, Ethan Bier, Anthony A. James and J. J. Emerson
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Biology 2022 20:96

  31. Recognition of stress and mobilization of adequate “fight-or-flight” responses is key for survival and health. Previous studies have shown that exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to pathogens or toxins simultaneo...

    Authors: Gábor Hajdú, Eszter Gecse, István Taisz, István Móra and Csaba Sőti
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Biomarker discovery remains a major challenge for predictive medicine, in particular, in the context of chronic diseases. This is true for the widespread protozoan Toxoplasma gondii which establishes long-lasting...

    Authors: Céline Dard, Christopher Swale, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Dayana C. Farhat, Valeria Bellini, Marie Gladys Robert, Dominique Cannella, Hervé Pelloux, Isabelle Tardieux and Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Communication between brain areas has been implicated in a wide range of cognitive and emotive functions and is impaired in numerous mental disorders. In rodent models, various metrics have been used to quanti...

    Authors: Daniel Strahnen, Sampath K. T. Kapanaiah, Alexei M. Bygrave and Dennis Kätzel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:24
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  34. The most species-rich radiation of animal life in the 66 million years following the Cretaceous extinction event is that of schizophoran flies: a third of fly diversity including Drosophila fruit fly model organi...

    Authors: Keith M. Bayless, Michelle D. Trautwein, Karen Meusemann, Seunggwan Shin, Malte Petersen, Alexander Donath, Lars Podsiadlowski, Christoph Mayer, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Rudolf Meier, Sujatha Narayanan Kutty, Shanlin Liu, Xin Zhou, Bernhard Misof, David K. Yeates…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Insects and other arthropods utilise external sensory structures for mechanosensory, olfactory, and gustatory reception. These sense organs have characteristic shapes related to their function, and in many cas...

    Authors: Marleen Klann, Magdalena Ines Schacht, Matthew Alan Benton and Angelika Stollewerk
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Olfactory receptors (ORs) constitute a large family of sensory proteins that enable us to recognize a wide range of chemical volatiles in the environment. By contrast to the extensive information about human o...

    Authors: Ramón Cierco Jimenez, Nil Casajuana-Martin, Adrián García-Recio, Lidia Alcántara, Leonardo Pardo, Mercedes Campillo and Angel Gonzalez
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Microbial evolution experiments can be used to study the tempo and dynamics of evolutionary change in asexual populations, founded from single clones and growing into large populations with multiple clonal lin...

    Authors: Margie Kinnersley, Katja Schwartz, Dong-Dong Yang, Gavin Sherlock and Frank Rosenzweig
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the guarantor of the proper functioning of hematopoiesis due to their incredible diversity of potential. During aging, heterogeneity of HSCs changes, contributing to the det...

    Authors: Léonard Hérault, Mathilde Poplineau, Adrien Mazuel, Nadine Platet, Élisabeth Remy and Estelle Duprez
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Author Correction to this article has been published in BMC Biology 2021 19:80

  39. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also known as presbycusis, is the most common sensory impairment seen in elderly people. However, the cochlear aging process does not affect people uniformly, suggesting that b...

    Authors: Corentin Affortit, François Casas, Sabine Ladrech, Jean-Charles Ceccato, Jérôme Bourien, Carolanne Coyat, Jean-Luc Puel, Marc Lenoir and Jing Wang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Bark beetles are major pests of conifer forests, and their behavior is primarily mediated via olfaction. Targeting the odorant receptors (ORs) may thus provide avenues towards improved pest control. Such an ap...

    Authors: Jothi K. Yuvaraj, Rebecca E. Roberts, Yonathan Sonntag, Xiao-Qing Hou, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Aleš Machara, Dan-Dan Zhang, Bill S. Hansson, Urban Johanson, Christer Löfstedt and Martin N. Andersson
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) are critical regulators of programmed cell death that are essential for development, oncogenesis, and immune and stress responses. However, available knowledge regarding IAP is l...

    Authors: Hao Song, Ximing Guo, Lina Sun, Qianghui Wang, Fengming Han, Haiyan Wang, Gregory A. Wray, Phillip Davidson, Qing Wang, Zhi Hu, Cong Zhou, Zhenglin Yu, Meijie Yang, Jie Feng, Pu Shi, Yi Zhou…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Lipoylation of 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases is essential for mitochondrial function in eukaryotes. While the basic principles of the lipoylation processes have been worked out, we still lack a thorough understand...

    Authors: Laura P. Pietikäinen, M. Tanvir Rahman, J. Kalervo Hiltunen, Carol L. Dieckmann and Alexander J. Kastaniotis
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Traditional laboratory model organisms represent a small fraction of the diversity of multicellular life, and findings in any given experimental model often do not translate to other species. Immunology resear...

    Authors: Roosheel S. Patel, Joy E. Tomlinson, Thomas J. Divers, Gerlinde R. Van de Walle and Brad R. Rosenberg
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Pandemics, even more than other medical problems, require swift integration of knowledge. When caused by a new virus, understanding the underlying biology may help finding solutions. In a setting where there a...

    Authors: Andra Waagmeester, Egon L. Willighagen, Andrew I. Su, Martina Kutmon, Jose Emilio Labra Gayo, Daniel Fernández-Álvarez, Quentin Groom, Peter J. Schaap, Lisa M. Verhagen and Jasper J. Koehorst
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:12
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

    The Author Correction to this article has been published in BMC Biology 2023 21:261

  46. Thermal plasticity is pivotal for evolution in changing climates and in mediating resilience to its potentially negative effects. The efficacy to respond to environmental change depends on underlying mechanism...

    Authors: Isabella Loughland, Alexander Little and Frank Seebacher
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-dimensional measurements of transcript counts in individual cells. However, high assay costs and artifacts associated with analyzing samples across multiple...

    Authors: Christopher S. McGinnis, David A. Siegel, Guorui Xie, George Hartoularos, Mars Stone, Chun J. Ye, Zev J. Gartner, Nadia R. Roan and Sulggi A. Lee
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The two main primate groups recorded throughout the European Miocene, hominoids and pliopithecoids, seldom co-occur. Due to both their rarity and insufficiently understood palaeoecology, it is currently unclea...

    Authors: Daniel DeMiguel, Laura Domingo, Israel M. Sánchez, Isaac Casanovas-Vilar, Josep M. Robles and David M. Alba
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Publisher Correction to this article has been published in BMC Biology 2021 19:151

  49. Regeneration is the ability to re-grow body parts or tissues after trauma, and it is widespread across metazoans. Cells involved in regeneration can arise from a pool of undifferentiated proliferative cells or...

    Authors: Laura Piovani, Anna Czarkwiani, Cinzia Ferrario, Michela Sugni and Paola Oliveri
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Numerous deep-sea invertebrates, at both hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, have formed symbiotic associations with internal chemosynthetic bacteria in order to harness inorganic energy sources typically un...

    Authors: Shana K. Goffredi, Cambrie Motooka, David A. Fike, Luciana C. Gusmão, Ekin Tilic, Greg W. Rouse and Estefanía Rodríguez
    Citation: BMC Biology 2021 19:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Author Correction to this article has been published in BMC Biology 2021 19:126

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